Problem 1:
The SQL Server service has started and it works, but why the icon is a white circle, instead of the green circle with a white arrow inside?
Solution:
The white circle indicates the instance is in an intermediate status. The possible reason for the white circle is that I have other versions of SQL Server services running on the same machine. When I disconnect all of the other running instances, and restart SQL Server 2008, it works as desired with the green circle.
Problem 2:
For the SQL Server Agent, I see the SQL Server Agent is disabled. I cannot start, stop, or restart the agent service from SSMS. All option are grey. The SQL Server Configuration Manager also shows it is off.
Solution:
After I start the agent service, it works normally. If the issue is more complicated, this article may be helpful for trouble-shooting.